2D animation | what is 2D animation | 2D animation in Brief

2D means 2 Dimensional so as “2D” refers to animation that is created using two dimensional drawings. This type of animations is flat in nature and it’s also known as Traditional Animation, where typically it’s drawn on paper and then digitally outlined and coloured frame by frame. Classic hand drawn animation is the main example for this type. 2D animation is created through a series of images quickly flashing through several frames in minutes. Each image is slightly altered in each frame as desired, so that when play in sequence, they result in seamless changes and gradual movements.
In recent years, research on 2D image manipulation has received a huge amount of interest.Very powerful solutions for problems such as
Matting
Image Completion
Texture Synthesis
Rigid Image Manipulation have been presented. Based on these and similar methods, it has now become possible to explore interesting new ideas to reanimate still pictures.A variety of computer software programs aide in the creation of 2D Animation, programs include Adobe Illustrator, In Design, Adobe Photoshop and after effects as well as Apple Motion and Adobe Flash.
Traditionally these were put together in an amazing process where artists drew pencil drawings of every frame of film, then these images were painted onto clear plastic sheets called ‘cels’, and each of the thousands of handrawn and painted cels were photographed one at a time over a hand painted background image and those thousands of images compiled to run as film at 24 frames a second.
As we know that every part of animation like 2D, 3D and Stop Motion has their own production process so similarly every part has pre production, Production and Post Production. so there are three main process. Lets talk from preproduction process.

Pre-Production

Pre-Production involves establishing the plot of the completed animation. because each shot in animation is so labor-intensive, it's imperative to get shots right during pre production. Re-animating a shot is very expensive, especially compared to live-action filming. Most animations are story boarded, in which the main action in each scene is drawn in a comic book without speech bubbles. Storyboards are usually pasted on large foam-core or poster board sheets, which can be quickly read through by the staff. During Pre-Production, the staff reviews the storyboard for consistency, and parts of the storyboard may be redrawn multiple times.

Production

In the part of production they started working with pecil staff and make per frame by frame and the the drawings are filled with colour.
In wikiversity it is written that, Each Shot in a 2D animation involves multiple single drawings of characters. To demonstrate the concept, think of a still camera that can take many photographs in rapid succession. imagine aiming that camera at a person and taking many quick photographs as the person walks toward you. Each photograph corresponds to an individual drawing in an animation Keys are important drawings that convey the extremes of the character's movement. So the first drawing is almost a key while in betweens are the remaining, less important drawings in the shot. typically, each drawings with the sketch, in pencil, of the character's pose. This drawings is then cleaned up in pencil, through this is not always do. Some companies hand-ink each drawings, writing over the cleaned pencil lines with the pen.
Others--especially studios whose artists can draw very clean pencil lines--will scan the pencils directly into the computer, then ink the drawing digitally.
The drawing is now considered a "cel." Before computers, the drawing would now be photocopied onto a sheet of clear celluoid or acetate, then hand-painted. This created a "cel," which was placed on top of a background painting and filmed with the click of a film camera. Cels are still highly prized by collectors, though few true cels remain. Many of those on the market are reproductions.
Today, the digital cels are colored on a computer. Meanwhile, a background is drawn (on the computer, or hand-drawn and scanned). The background is imported into an animation program, and each cel is layered onto the background in succession. This is then saved on the computer as a single video file.
In practice, the keys are usually drawn by a top animator, and these are then scanned and assembled into a "rough cut" of the shot while the keys are given to a junior animator, who will draw the tweens. The film can then be assembled during production, and junior animators can be directed in small adjustments to improve the flow of each shot and scene. In Asia, this is typically when dialog is recorded, so that the junior animators can match the tweens to the vocal performance.

Post Production

Even after all the tweens have been colored and added to the animation, the film is far from complete. There's still music and sound effects to be added, as well as visual effects (glows, hazes, etc.). The animation also may need to be edited in the more traditional film sense; shots cut slightly short or held longer, even scenes cut entirely. It's said that one famous anime series (Gundam Seed) changed its ending when the primary actor broke down during recording, and new animation was hastily drawn, colored, and incorporated into the final minutes of the show.

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